What is meant by “access control” in a security context?

In a security context, “access control” refers to the methods used to regulate access to specific areas, ensuring that only authorized individuals can enter or use certain spaces. This includes a variety of procedures and technologies designed to prevent unauthorized access, which is critical in protecting sensitive information, property, and individuals. Effective access control systems often involve physical barriers such as locks and gates, as well as electronic systems like key cards, biometric scanners, and surveillance cameras.

It is important to recognize that monitoring employee attendance, conducting patrols, or enhancing customer service do not directly relate to the primary goal of access control, which is focused on the management of entry into designated areas. Each of these other options serves a different function that does not specifically pertain to the security measures associated with controlling who can enter a location.